HL / SL

Functions - Practice Set 1

UNIT 2: FUNCTIONS

Practice questions covering lines, quadratics, domain and range, composite functions, inverse functions, transformations, perpendicular bisector, asymptotes, exponential and logistic models, sinusoidal models, piecewise functions, curve sketching, and more.

23 Questions
Q1

Find the gradient and y-intercept of the line 3x − 2y + 6 = 0.

Answer

Gradient = 3/2; y-intercept = (0, 3)

Q2

Line L passes through (2, −1) and (6, 7). Find the equation of L in the form y = mx + c.

Answer

m = (7−(−1))/(6−2) = 2; y−(−1) = 2(x−2) → y = 2x − 5

Q3

Given f(x) = 3x² − 2x + 1. Find: (a) f(0), (b) f(−2), (c) the axis of symmetry.

Answer

(a) 1 (b) 17 (c) x = 1/3

Q4

State the domain and range of f(x) = √(x − 3).

Answer

Domain: x ≥ 3 (i.e. [3,+∞)); Range: y ≥ 0 (i.e. [0,+∞))

Q5

Given f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = x². Find (a) f∘g(x), (b) g∘f(x), (c) f∘g(3).

Answer

(a) 2x²+1 (b) (2x+1)² (c) 19

Q6

Find the inverse of f(x) = 4x − 7. State its domain and range.

Answer

f⁻¹(x) = (x+7)/4; Domain and range: all real numbers

Q7

Describe the transformations that map f(x) = x² onto g(x) = −(x+3)² + 5.

Answer

Translate left 3, reflect in x-axis, translate up 5

Q8

Line L₁ has equation 2x + 3y = 12. Line L₂ is perpendicular to L₁ and passes through (4, 1).

(a) Find the gradient of L₁.
(b) Write the equation of L₂.
(c) Find the intersection of L₁ and L₂.

Answer

(a) m₁=−2/3 (b) y=1.5x−5 (c) (126/13, 3/13)

Q9

Find the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining A(1, 4) and B(7, −2). Write in the form ax + by = c.

Answer

Midpoint (4,1), slope=1, equation: x − y = 3

Q10

Consider f(x) = (x−2)/(x+1).

(a) State the domain.
(b) Find f⁻¹(x).
(c) State the domain of f⁻¹.
(d) Find the equations of the asymptotes of f.

Answer

(a) x∈ℝ, x≠−1 (b) f⁻¹(x)=−(x+2)/(x−1) (c) x≠1 (d) x=−1, y=1

Q11

The exponential model P(t) = 1200·e^(0.03t) represents a population after t years.

(a) Find P(0).
(b) Find the population after 10 years.
(c) Find when P = 3600 (give t to 1 d.p.).
(d) State the meaning of 0.03 in context.

Answer

(a) 1200 (b) ≈1619 (c) t≈36.6 years (d) 3% per year continuous growth rate

Q12

f(x) = 3sin(2x − π/4) − 1. Find: (a) amplitude, (b) period, (c) principal axis, (d) phase shift, (e) maximum and minimum values.

Answer

(a) 3 (b) π (c) y=−1 (d) π/8 right (e) Max=2, Min=−4

Q13

Use your GDC to solve 2x³ − 5x + 1 = 0, giving all solutions to 3 s.f.

Answer

x ≈ −1.66, x ≈ 0.201, x ≈ 1.46

Q14

f(x) = ln(2x−3).

(a) State the domain and range.
(b) Sketch the graph, showing the x-intercept and vertical asymptote.
(c) Find f⁻¹(x) and state its domain.

Answer

(a) x>3/2, y∈ℝ (b) x-int=(2,0), VA: x=1.5 (c) f⁻¹(x)=(eˣ+3)/2

Q15

The graph of f(x) is transformed to g(x) = 2f(3x−6) + 4.

(a) Describe each transformation in the correct order.
(b) If f(x) has domain [0,6] and range [−2,4], find the domain and range of g.

Answer

(a) Horizontal compression ×1/3, right 2; vertical stretch ×2, up 4 (b) Domain [2,4], Range [0,12]

Q16

The logistic function is P(t) = 500/(1 + 4e^(−0.2t)).

(a) Find P(0).
(b) Find the carrying capacity (horizontal asymptote as t→∞).
(c) Find t when P=450 to 1 d.p.
(d) State the point of inflection.

Answer

(a) 100 (b) 500 (c) t≈17.9 (d) At P=250, t≈6.93

Q17

Points A(1,3), B(5,7), C(8,2) form a triangle. Find:

(a) the equation of the altitude from A to BC,
(b) the centroid,
(c) the circumcentre.

Answer

(a) y=(3/5)x+12/5 (b) Centroid=(14/3, 4) (c) Circumcentre≈(4.5, 4.1)

Q18

f(x) = ln(x) + 2 and its inverse f⁻¹(x) = e^(x−2).

Functions1 study illustration
(a) Verify algebraically that f and f⁻¹ are inverse functions.
(b) Find the point(s) where f(x) = f⁻¹(x) and where both cross y=x.
(c) Find (f∘f⁻¹)(e) and (f⁻¹∘f)(4).
(d) Solve f(f(x)) = 3, giving answer to 3 d.p.

Answer

(a) Verified (b) Solve numerically via GDC (c) e and 4 (d) x≈5.575

Q19

g(x) = 3sin(2x − π/3) + 1 and original f(x) = sin(x).

Functions2 study illustration
(a) Show the transformations step by step from f to g.
(b) State the range of g and find all x ∈ [0, 2π] where g(x) = 0.
(c) Find the area enclosed between g(x) and y=1 over one full period.
(d) [HL] Find all x ∈ ℝ where g(x) = f(x), i.e. 3sin(2x−π/3)+1 = sin(x).

Answer

(a) Shown (b) Range [−2,4]; zeros at x≈0.71,1.34,3.85,4.48 (approx) (c) 6 (d) Via GDC

Q20

Piecewise function: for x<0: f(x)=x²+1; for 0≤x≤2: f(x)=−2x+4; for x>2: f(x)=2^(x−2)−1.

Functions3 study illustration
(a) Show f is NOT continuous at x=0.
(b) Find any zeros of f.
(c) Find the domain and range.
(d) Find f⁻¹(x) for the linear piece, and state its domain.
(e) Evaluate ∫₀² f(x) dx.

Answer

(a) Shown (lim=1≠f(0)=4) (b) x=2 (c) Domain ℝ, Range (−1,∞) (d) f⁻¹(x)=(4−x)/2, x∈[0,4] (e) 4

Q21

f(x) = (2x+a)/(bx+3) has a vertical asymptote at x=1 and passes through (0,2) and (2,5).

(a) Use the asymptote to find b.
(b) Use (0,2) to find a.
(c) Verify with point (2,5).
(d) Find f⁻¹(x) and state its domain.
(e) Find all x where f(x) = f⁻¹(x).

Answer

(a) b=−3 (b) a=6 (c) Verify with GDC (d) f⁻¹(x)=(3−3x)/(3x+2) (e) x=1±√(7/3) via GDC

Q22

Sinusoidal model: temperature T(t) = a·cos(bt) + d. Max 34°C at 2pm (t=14), min 18°C at 2am (t=2).

(a) Find a, d, b, and the period.
(b) Write the full equation T(t).
(c) Find the times when T = 28°C during one day.
(d) Find the average temperature over a 24-hour period.

Answer

(a) a=8, d=26, b=π/12, period=24h (b) T(t)=8cos(π(t−14)/12)+26 (c) t≈8.9h and t≈19.1h (d) 26°C

Q23

Let f(x) = e^x and g(x) = 3x².

(a) Find all solutions to f(x) = g(x) to 3 s.f.
(b) For the smallest positive solution, find the angle between the two curves.
(c) Find the area enclosed between f and g for x ∈ [−1, 0].
(d) Show (f∘g)(x) = e^(3x²) and find its minimum value and the x-values where it occurs.

Answer

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